ABSTRACT
Disinfection of a room is very important to note, especially because of the presence of the coronavirus which has been confirmed to be able to spread through the air, stick to objects around it and has a high potential to transmit the virus. This is exacerbated by the presence of a new variant of the coronavirus which causes an increasing number of people to be exposed every day. One of the most effective disinfectants is ozone. Ozone is a gas formed from three oxygen atoms which is highly reactive and more unstable than oxygen. Ozone with the right concentration of about 1 ppm can kill pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses. This research focuses on designing an independent control and monitoring system based on Human Machine Interface (HMI). This control and monitoring system design can be applied to measure ozone concentration and is equipped with a timer and automatic mode. The test results obtained total accuracy value of this device with variables of voltage, current, generator temperature, ambient temperature in the box, humidity in the box, and ozone concentration is 97.3%, while total precision value is 98.5%. This research was conducted by testing the appliance in a 1.2 x 1.5 x 2.5 m room for 10 minutes and the results showed that the voltage used by the appliance is in the range of 216V to 219V with a current dropping from 0.56A to a stability point of 0.46A. The maximum temperature at the generator is around 96oC with an ambient temperature of 38oC, the humidity decreases from 81% to 68% and the ozone concentration produced can be stable around 1 ppm in 1 minute which can be used to kill bacteria and viruses. © 2023 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The interest rate has been a major issue worldwide, as well as in ASEAN countries. It shifts almost every minute driven by lots of factors. The main goal of this research is to look at the relationship between lending interest rate with the macroeconomic variables related to economic activities including during crisis periods and to forecast the rate in 2020. Approaches used in the study include line charts, multiple linear regression model and the ARIMA model. The paper utilized annual data period between 1971 and 2019 in.Malaysia which includes three crisis periods while forecasting into the fourth crisis as we currently face the COVID-19 period. The result shows that the lending interest rate has somewhat negative correlation with the macroeconomic variables throughout three major financial crises in Malaysia. The GDP growth and manufacturing are found to have significant effect on the lending interest rate via multiple linear regression. However, the industry and the agriculture have no significant impact on the lending interest rate. As COVID-19 fractured world economies and led countries to great depression, worldwide central banks decided to take action to lower interest rates to significantly boost consumer spending and cash flow. Due to this reason, the findings revealed the actual value of lending interest rate in 2020 is 3.51 while as the projected value of lending interest rate in 2020 is 4.85 which indicates that the actual value is slightly smaller compared to the forecasted value. © 2023 Author(s).
ABSTRACT
Background: We have witnessed a dramatic dip in adherence to cardiovascular health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from across the globe has shown that risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) such as decreased physical activity, poor diet, and increased depression, loneliness, and stress have peaked during the pandemic. Having been badly affected by the pandemic and having had prolonged periods of countrywide lockdown, the at-risk and established CVD population has faced a major challenge in adhering to a healthy lifestyle in India. Purpose(s): This study aimed to analyze the change in cardiovascular health behaviors brought about by a comprehensive lifestyle intervention program (CLIP) during the pandemic in India. Method(s): All at-risk and CVD patients who had participated in the CLIP from mid 2020 to mid 2022 and had completed the internally validated health behavior assessment questionnaire, pre and post-program, were included in this retrospective study. A multidisciplinary team consisting of Physician, Physiotherapist, Dietician, and Counseling Psychologist provided the sessions online and/or in-person for the home-based and hybrid programs respectively. When a combination of online and in-person sessions were provided for a subject, it was called a hybrid program. The core components of the CLIP were exercise training, education on relevant health topics, nutritional guidance and psychosocial counseling. Result(s): Age of the subjects (n=50) at enrolment was 54+/-13 years and 40 (80%) were male. The time between pre-program and post-program assessments was 110 (IQR 47) days. Number of at-risk and CVD patients attending home-based and hybrid programs are shown in the Figure. There were 4 couples in the study cohort;21 (50%) of the remaining 42 subjects had at least 1 other family member attend the majority of sessions. There was a significant improvement in all the cardiovascular health behaviors, namely adequate daily intake of fruits, vegetables and whole grains, choice of heart-healthy foods between meals, sufficient weekly exercise and a reduction in self-reported chronic stress, upon completion of the CLIP (Table). Conclusion(s): A comprehensive lifestyle intervention program that incorporates a multipronged approach to behavior modification is effective in improving cardiovascular health behaviors in individuals at-risk as well as with established cardiovascular disease in India. The ripple effect of behavior modification in the accompanying family members needs to be studied systematically.
ABSTRACT
Background: Home-based cardiovascular disease (CVD) primary prevention (HBPP) and cardiac rehabilitation (HBCR) programs which occupied a small proportion of the overall Preventive Cardiology work in the past have become mainstream during the COVID-19 pandemic. Purpose: This study aims to analyse the effectiveness of a home-based CVD prevention program implemented during the pandemic in India. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on pre-pandemic and pandemic enrolees. Health behaviour, CVD risk factors, physical and mental component score (PCS, MCS) from SF-12 questionnaire, body mass index (BMI), 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), and clinical and biochemical parameters were assessed. A multidisciplinary team consisting of Physician, Physiotherapist, Dietician and Counselling Psychologist provided the program using tele-health platforms. Results: Of the 66 subjects (55 ± 13 years, 73% male), 17 (26%) enrolled pre-pandemic and 49 (74%) enrolled during-pandemic, 28 (42%) were HBPP and 38 (58%) were HBCR participants. Majority of the subjects (n = 51, 77%), with significantly more HBCR than HBPP participants, harboured 4 or more risk factors (p = 0.04). In the 60 (91%) program completers, BMI, 6MWD, PCS and MCS had improved significantly. SBP, DBP, LVEF, HbA1c, total cholesterol and LDL had improved significantly in affected subjects. Completely home-based participants (n = 44, 67%) who never had any in-person contact with the team during the program also showed significant improvement. No adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Comprehensive home-based CVD prevention programs are effective in improving anthropometric, clinical, biochemical and psychosocial parameters, are a safe alternative to conventional programs and could potentially become the standard-of-care in the post-pandemic era. (Figure Presented).